精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)械加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中有很多因素影響加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du),不同的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)方法在不同的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)條件下所能達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是不同的(de)(de)(de)。如果盲目追求加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du),就會降低生(sheng)產(chan)效率,增加精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)械零件加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)。所以精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)加I企業在保(bao)證質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)前提下,應盡量(liang)達到(dao)提高(gao)效率,降低生(sheng)產(chan)成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)械零件加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以分為(wei)尺(chi)寸精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、形(xing)狀(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和位置精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。因此加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低是以尺(chi)寸公差(cha)、形(xing)狀(zhuang)公差(cha)和位置公差(cha)來衡量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)。

獲得零(ling)(ling)件尺寸精度的方法:試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)法:即先(xian)試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)出很(hen)小(xiao)部分加(jia)工(gong)表面,測(ce)(ce)量試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)所得的尺寸,按照加(jia)工(gong)要(yao)求適當調(diao)刀具切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)刃相對工(gong)件的位置(zhi),再試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),再測(ce)(ce)量,如此經過(guo)兩(liang)三次試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)和(he)測(ce)(ce)量,當精密機(ji)械零(ling)(ling)件被加(jia)工(gong)尺對寸達到要(yao)求后,再切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)整個待加(jia)工(gong)表面,精密機(ji)械零(ling)(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)軸頸(jing)尺寸的試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)車削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)、軸頸(jing)尺寸的在(zai)線測(ce)(ce)量磨削(xue)、箱(xiang)體零(ling)(ling)件孔(kong)系的試(shi)(shi)鏜(tang)加(jia)工(gong)及精密量塊手(shou)工(gong)精研等。均屬(shu)試(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)法加(jia)工(gong)。

試(shi)切(qie)法達到的精(jing)度可能很高,它不(bu)需要復雜的裝置(zhi), 但這種費時,需作多次調(diao)整,試(shi)切(qie),測(ce)量,計算,效(xiao)率低，依賴工人的技術水癥和計量器具(ju)的精(jing)度, 質量不(bu)穩定,所以只(zhi)用于單(dan)件小批生產。

調(diao)整法是(shi)預先用(yong)樣件(jian)(jian)或標準(zhun)件(jian)(jian)調(diao)整好機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)、夾(jia)具刀(dao)具和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的準(zhun)確相對位置,用(yong)以(yi)保證精(jing)(jing)密機(ji)械零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)度,并在一批零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中尺寸(cun)保持不變(bian),這就是(shi)調(diao)整法。在多(duo)刀(dao)車床(chuang)(chuang)或六角自動車床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)軸(zhou)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian),在銑床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)銑槽,在無(wu)心磨床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)磨削外圓,孔系(xi)等,均(jun)屬調(diao)整法加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

若采用銑床(chuang)夾具時,刀(dao)具的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)靠(kao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)塊確定(ding)(ding)(ding),調(diao)整(zheng)法(fa)的(de)實質是利用機床(chuang)上的(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)程裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)預先整(zheng)好(hao)的(de)刀(dao)架,使刀(dao)具相對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)機床(chuang)或(huo)(huo)夾具達到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du),然后(hou)加工一(yi)批(pi)工件,大批(pi)量生(sheng)產(chan)中,多用行(xing)程擋塊、樣(yang)件、樣(yang)板等對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)調(diao)整(zheng)。調(diao)整(zheng)法(fa)比試(shi)切法(fa)的(de)加工精(jing)度(du)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性好(hao),有(you)較高的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)率,對(dui)(dui)(dui)機床(chuang)操作的(de)要求不(bu)高,但對(dui)(dui)(dui)機床(chuang)調(diao)整(zheng)工的(de)要求高，常用于(yu)成批(pi)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)大量生(sheng)產(chan)。

定(ding)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)法:用(yong)(yong)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)相應尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)來保證工(gong)(gong)件(jian)被加I部位(wei)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法稱(cheng)為定(ding)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)法,它(ta)是利用(yong)(yong)標準(zhun)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加工(gong)(gong),加工(gong)(gong)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)由(you)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)決定(ding)。即用(yong)(yong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)精(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)來保證I件(jian)被加工(gong)(gong)部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度。如用(yong)(yong)方(fang)形拉(la)刀(dao)(dao)拉(la)方(fang)孔(kong)(kong)，用(yong)(yong)鉆頭(tou)、擴孔(kong)(kong)鉆、鉸孔(kong)(kong)或鏜刀(dao)(dao)塊加工(gong)(gong)內孔(kong)(kong),及用(yong)(yong)組合銑刀(dao)(dao)銑工(gong)(gong)件(jian)兩側面(mian)槽面(mian)等,均屬尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)法加工(gong)(gong)。

文章內容來源于(yu)網絡，如有問題請(qing)和我聯系刪除(chu)！